2019-07-31 10:16:59 湖南教师招聘考试网 //hn.huatu.com/ 文章来源：湖南华图
2019湖南教师招聘考试英语之“陌生的熟悉人”——熟词僻义
词汇是英语教与学的基础，招教考试中没有给出明确的考查词汇表，这就给命题人提供了广阔的活动空间，给他们减少了很多限制，但给考生增加了一定难度。英语中的一词多意和熟词僻义现象是普遍存在的。今天，笔者跟大家分享一些招教中常考的熟词僻义，并给出典型例句帮您更好地理解和掌握。
A
1. address
熟义：地址，写地址
Please tell me your address. 请告诉我你的地址。
僻义：(1) vt. 称呼
The president should be addressed as “Mr. President”. 总统应称呼为“总统先生”。
(2) vt. 向…发表演说
It is said that our headmaster will address the meeting. 据说我们的校长将在会议上发表演说。
2. admit
熟义：vt. 承认
I admitted that I was afraid of the monster.我承认我害怕那个怪兽。
僻义：(1) vt. 容纳
The theatre only admits 1,000 persons.这个电影院能容纳1000人。
(2) vt. 允许进入
The servant opened the door and admitted me(into the house).服务员打开门让我进屋。
3. against
熟义：prep. 反对，违背
Somebody argue against the idea. 一些人反对这个观点。
僻义：prep.衬着，迎着，靠着
The picture looks good against the white wall.衬着白墙这张照片看起来很不错。
4. air
熟义：n.空气
Everyone need breathe fresh air. 每个人都需要呼吸新鲜的空气。
僻义：(1) v. 抒发;倾诉;传播
Don’t air your troubles too often. 不要经常发牢骚。
(2) n. 样子，神态，气氛
There was a comfortable air about her room.她房间的气氛很舒服。
5. amount
熟义：n. 量
Any amount, great or small, will be appreciated.
数量不论多少都将受到欢迎。
僻义：(1) vi. 达到，共计
The cost amounted to $ 2000. 成本是2000美元。
(2) vi. 相当于
What you have said amounts to a refusal.你所说的相当于是拒绝。
6. announce
熟义：vt. 宣布
They are hoping that she will announce for governor.他们希望她将宣布参加竞选州长。
僻义：vt. 显示，预告
Warm sunshine announces the coming of spring.温暖的阳光预告着春天的到来。
7. account for
熟义： 解释说明...的原因;占...比例
His illness accounts for his absence. 因为
8. advance
熟义：v./n 前进，推进
No retreat is allowed, only advance. 只许前进， 不许后退。
僻义：(1) n. 预付(款)
She asked for an advance on her salary. 她要求工资预付。
(2) n. 增加
Share prices shows significant advances today. 股票价格今天明显增加。
B
1. badly
熟义：adv. 坏
The surface of the table was badly marred up.这张桌子的桌面被严重地损坏了。
僻义：adv. 迫切
The boy badly wants a new bike.这个男孩迫切地想要辆新自行车。
2. blank
熟义：adj. 空白的n. 空白
Please fill in the blanks. 请填出下列空白处。
僻义：adj. 没表情的，空虚的，没兴趣的
The stranger returned my greeting with a blank look. 这个陌生人毫无表情地回应我的问候。
3. bare
熟义：adj. 裸露的
The top of the hill was bare.小山顶上光秃秃的。
僻义：vt. 向某人袒露心声
He likes to bare his heart/soul with his close friends.他喜欢向亲近的朋友袒露心声。
4. bear
熟义：vt. 忍受，容忍
The roof will not bear the strain of its weight.屋顶将承受不住它的重量的拉力。
僻义：v. 显示，带有
He was badly wounded in the war and still bears the scars. 他在战争中伤得很严重至今仍带有伤疤。
5. blanket
熟义：n. 毯子
僻义：vt.以厚层覆(译:... 覆盖着厚厚的雪)
The whole village was blanketed with heavy snow. 整个村庄被厚厚的雪覆盖了。
6. break down
熟义：(机器等)坏了
The engine of the car is broken down. 这辆车的发动机坏了。
僻义：(计划)失败
All our plans broke down.(计划)失败，坚持不下去。
C
1. capital
熟义：n. 首都，首府;资本
All our capital is locked up in that enterprise.我们的资金全部搁死在那个企业了。
僻义：adj. 极严重的，根本的
Our capital task at the moment is to persuade her to calm down.我们此时的根本任务时劝她冷静下来。
2. cause
熟义：n.起因，v.引起
It is his being late that causes his teacher angry.正是他迟到让他老师生气。
僻义：n. 事业
The UN has done a lot for the cause of world peace.联合国为世界和平事业做了许多贡献。
3.civil
熟义：adj. 公民的，国内的
The civil rights bill carried by a large majority.公民权利法案获得大多数同意而通过。
僻义：adj. 有礼貌的，彬彬有礼的
He is a civil person. 他是一个有礼貌的人。
4. climate
熟义：n. 气候
The climate here is comfortable.这儿的气候很舒服。
僻义：n. 风气;思潮;倾向
The cultural climate here is somehow a little upsetting. 这里的文化风气有一些浮躁。
5. cloudy
熟义：adj. 阴天的，多云的
It is cloudy today. 今天多云。
僻义：adj. 不明朗的，不清晰的
Who did it still remains cloudy.谁做的这件事情仍旧不明朗。
6. come back
熟义：回来
僻义：(1)重新流行
Do you think long dresses will ever come back?你认为长裙子还会再流行吗?
(2)顶嘴
He came back at her with a nasty remark.他以恶毒的语言回击她。
(3)回想起来
It’s suddenly to come back where I saw you last.突然，我想起上次我在什么地方见过你。
7. come in
熟义：进来
僻义：(1)开始流行;
This style is certain to come in this year.今年这种款式肯定流行。
(2) 承担(任务)
Here is the plan of attack，and this is where you come in.这是我们的攻击计划,这是你要执行的任务。
8. come on
熟义：快过来
僻义：(1) 进行，进展;
How has he come on at school this year?他今年学业进展如何?
(2) 开始(下雨);
The rain has just come on.雨刚开始下。
(3) 上映，上演，举行
The next exam comes on in early summer.下次考试将在夏初进行。
9. come out
熟义：出来
僻义：结果(如何)
Everything will come out all right.一切都会好的。
10. consume
熟义：vt. 消耗，消费
All we need to do to achieve that is produce more, consume less, or both.
为了达到目标，我们需要做的就是多生产，少消费，或者两者均衡。
僻义：vt. 烧毁， 毁灭
The fire soon consumed the old wooden buildings in the neighborhood. 这场火很快烧毁了邻居的木头建筑。
D
1. dawn
熟义：n 拂晓，v.破晓，天亮
We will encounter the enemy at dawn.我们将于黎明时与敌交战。
僻义：vt.开始明白
The truth began to dawn on him. 他开始明白真相。
2. drive
熟义：v. 驾驶
僻义：v. 迫使(某人做不好的事)
Hunger drove her steal. 饥饿迫使她偷窃。
3. divorce
熟义：v. 离婚
僻义：v.使分离，使脱离
You can’t divorce science from ethical questions. 你不能将科学脱离道德问题。
E
1. easy
熟义：容易的
僻义：Adj.舒适的，安分的，轻松的
Now we are leading an easy life.
2. embarrass
熟义：vt. 使尴尬
“When you embarrass me, I’ll tell you, ” my father says.
“你要是使我感到难堪，我就会跟你说的，”我爸爸说。
僻义：vt. 阻碍
What embarrasses your making an early start? 什么阻碍了你早点开始?
3. employ
熟义：v. 雇佣
The company employs a lot of foreigners. 这个公司雇佣了很多外国人。
僻义：v. 使用，利用
The police employed force to open the door. 警察利用武力打开了门。
4. eat one’s words
收回前言，认错道歉(切勿望文生义，解为“食言”)
He boasted that he would throw me downstairs;but I made him eat his words.他吹嘘说他要把我抛下楼去，但我叫他收回他的话了。
5. even
熟义：adv. 甚至，更
僻义：
The road wasn’t even. adj.平坦的，平的，平滑的
Her teeth were white and even. adj. 齐的，同样的，一致的
The score is now even. adj.相等的，对等的，均等的
The car went with an even motion. adj. 均匀的，平稳的
6. exploit
熟义：v. 开发，开采，剥削
僻义：v.利用
You must exploit every opportunity to learn new things.你一定要利用一切机会学习新事物。
7. extend
熟义：扩大，使扩展，使伸长
僻义：v. 扩大范围，舒展(手脚)
He extended his hand to new employees.他向新员工展伸出了手。
F
1. fail
熟义：失败，不及格
僻义：
Our water supply failed.我们供水不足了。
He is failing in health/His health is failing. v. 衰退，衰弱
He failed to lend her a hand. v. 未能
He never fails to write to his mother every month.他从来不忘记每月写信给他的母亲
2. familiar
熟义：adj. 熟悉
I am not familiar with this city. 我对这个城市不熟悉。
僻义：adj. 密切的，亲密
Are you on familiar terms with Tom?你和Tom交情好吗?
3. fever
熟义：n. 发烧，发热
僻义：n.狂热，高度兴奋
He is in a fever of her arrival. 他对她的带来非常兴奋。
4. figure
熟义：n.数字;雕塑，人物
僻义：
She figured that she would be next.v.认为，想象
I couldn’t figure out what he meant.我不明白他是什么意思。
5. for good
永远(勿望文生义)
She’ll soon leave London for good.她将永远离开伦敦。
6. foreign
熟义：外国的
僻义：陌生;和……格格不入
The subject is foreign to me.不熟悉;
Telling lies is foreign to her nature. adj.和...格格不入的
G
1. gain
熟义：v. 获得，赢得
僻义：
Don’t worry. My watch gains. We still have time. v. 表走得快
The car gained speed gradually. vt.增加(速度或重量)
2. get away with
熟义：带着…逃跑
僻义：(做坏事)不受惩罚
The child ought to be punished.You shouldn’t let him get away with telling lies.
3. get back
熟义：回来/去，拿回来/去
僻义：报复
He will get back at you for this.
4. get down
熟义：下来，使下来
僻义：使情绪低落，身体虚弱
All this waiting and delay is really getting her down.这漫长的等待与拖延使她疲惫不堪了。
5. get down to
着手干某事(勿望文生义)
It’s time I got down to marking the papers.是我开始批改试卷的时候了。
6. get off
熟义：下车，离开，动身
僻义：
I’ll have to get this letter off by tonight.今晚我一定得把信寄出去。
I’ll pay anything you ask if you manage to get her off.如果你能使她不受惩罚，你要什么我就可以给什么。
7. get on(with)=get along(with)
熟义：与……相处
僻义：进展
How are you getting on at university?你在大学情况如何?
8. get through
熟义：接通(电话)
僻义：用完;(使)通过(考试、议案)
He got through ￡300 in a week.他一周就用完了三百英镑。
9. give away
熟义：赠送
僻义：泄露(机密);暴露(身份);出卖(朋友)
Please don’t give my secret away.请不要泄露我的机密。
10. give out
熟义：散发(传单)等
僻义：宣布;被用完;运转失灵
He gave out that he was going to America.他宣布他要去美国。
The fuel gave out.燃料用完了。
H
1. handsome
熟义：adj. 英俊的，端庄的，美观的
僻义：adj.大方的，慷慨的
I hope I will get a handsome present at my birthday.
2. heavy
熟义：adj. 重的
僻义：
My father is a heavy smoker. adj. 超出一般规模、数量、力量的
The traffic today is especially heavy. adj. 交通拥挤的
3. height
熟义：n. 高度，身高
僻义：n. 顶点,极度
In the height of the summer many people choose to visit the seaside.
4. hold on
熟义：别挂断;等一等
僻义：继续坚持做(难做之事)
They didn’t know if they would be able to hold on until help arrived.他们不知道能否坚持到援军到达之时。
5. hit
熟义：v. 击中，打击
僻义：n. 成功，红极一时的人或事
The film Hero is quite a hit of this year.
6. hot
熟义：adj. 炎热的
僻义：adj. 最新的
We’re waiting for the hot news on the election results.
I
1. industry
熟义：n. 工业;产业
僻义：n. 努力;勤勉
His success was due to industry. 他的成功源自于他的努力。
2. intelligence
熟义：n. 智力，脑力
僻义：n. 情报,信息(尤其指有军事价值的)
Scientist manage to get important intelligence thanks to satellite.
3. interest
熟义：兴趣
僻义：n.利益;利息;股份;同业者
Don’t look after your own interests.不要只顾自己的利益。
It’s in/to your interest(s)to work hard.努力工作对你有利。
I have an interest in the company.我在公司有股份。
Our family has interest in the business. n.利益，股份
4. introduce
熟义：介绍、引进
僻义：v.以……开始
He introduced his speech with a joke.他的演讲以一个笑话开始。
5. invite
熟义：邀请
僻义：v.招引，吸引
Don’t leave the windows open—it’s inviting thieves to enter.不要把窗户打开了——这个要招贼来。
6. identify
熟义：v. 鉴定，说明身份
僻义：v. 认为某事物等同于
One can’t identify happiness with wealth. 我们不能将幸福等同于财富。
J
1. job
熟义：工作
僻义：n.费力的事情vt. 做零工，做股票经纪;假公济私;承包
Waxing the car was quite a job.给小汽车打蜡真费事。
He jobbed his son into the position.他利用职权把儿子安排到那职位上去了。
Removing the table is quite a job. n.费力的事
2. jump
熟义：跳
僻义：n.&vi. (大幅度)上涨
Last week the price of goods jumped.上周物价急剧上涨。
3. just
熟义：adv. 正好;恰好
僻义：adj.公正的
You are a just person.
K
1. kill
熟义：杀
僻义：vt. 删掉，使笑，使难受之极;消磨
It kills him to admit he is wrong.他承认他错了时，难受得很。
His joke killed the audience.他的笑话使听众笑得死去活来。
The guy fools around all day long, killing time. v.消磨(时间)
2. key
熟义：n. 钥匙，答案
僻义：n.&adj.关键(的)，关键性的人物
The key factor in their success is hard work.他们成功的关键因素是努力工作。
L
1. at large
逍遥自在地，逍遥法外;详尽地;普遍地;随便地(勿望文生义)
The suspect is still at large.嫌疑犯仍逍遥法外。
2. last
熟义：最后的
僻义：adj. 最不可能的v. 延续，够用(多久)
He is the last person to tell a lie.他极不可能说谎。
Her holidays were to last six weeks.她的假有六周。
3. learn
熟义：v. 学习
僻义：v. 听到，获悉
I learned of that yesterday.我昨天才得知此事。
4. let
熟义：v. 让
僻义：v. 出租
The couple decided to let off the smaller flat at a lower price.
M
1. mirror
熟义：n. 镜子
僻义：v. 反映，反射
P
1. package
熟义：包裹
僻义：n. 一揽子交易(计划等)
a package deal一揽子交易
2. pattern
熟义：n. 样式，模式
僻义：v. 仿制;模仿
3. practically
熟义：adj. 实际上
僻义：adv. 几乎;差不多
4. pronounced
熟义：vt. 发音，宣布，宣判
僻义：adj. 明显的，显著的
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